Laminin coated diamond electrodes for neural stimulation
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Date
2020-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
The performance of many implantable neural stimulation devices is degraded due to the loss of neurons around the electrodes by the body's natural biological responses to a foreign material. Coating of electrodes with biomolecules such as extracellular matrix proteins is one potential route to suppress the adverse responses that lead to loss of implant functionality. Concurrently, however, the electrochemical performance of the stimulating electrode must remain optimal to continue to safely provide sufficient charge for neural stimulation. We have previously found that oxygen plasma treated nitrogen included ultrananocrystalline diamond coated platinum electrodes exhibit superior charge injection capacity and electrochemical stability for neural stimulation (Sikder
et al., 2019). To fabricate bioactive diamond electrodes, in this work, laminin, an extracellular matrix protein known to be involved in inter-neuron adhesion and recognition, was used as an example biomolecule. Here, laminin was covalently coupled to diamond electrodes. Electrochemical analysis found that the covalently coupled films were robust and resulted in minimal change to the charge injection capacity of diamond electrodes.
The successful binding of laminin and its biological activity was further confirmed using primary rat cortical neuron cultures, and the coated electrodes showed enhanced cell attachment densities and neurite
outgrowth. The method proposed in this work is versatile and adaptable to many other biomolecules for producing bioactive diamond electrodes, which are expected to show reduced the inflammatory responses in vivo.
Description
Keywords
Diamond electrode, Laminin coating, Biocompatibility, Neural stimulation, Charge injection capacity
Citation
Sikder, K. U., W. Tong, H. Pingle, P. Kingshott, K. Needham, M. N. Shivdasani, J. B. Fallon, P. Seligman, M. R. Ibbotson, and S. Prawer. 2020. Laminin coated diamond electrodes for neural stimulation. Materials Science and Engineering: C: 111454.