Perilymph pharmacokinetics of locally-applied gentamicin in the guinea pig

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dc.contributor.authorSalt, Alec
dc.contributor.authorHartsock, Jared
dc.contributor.authorGill, R. Montgomery
dc.contributor.authorKing, Elisha
dc.contributor.authorKraus, F. Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorPlontke, Stefan
dc.date.accessioned2017-12-04T01:00:12Z
dc.date.available2017-12-04T01:00:12Z
dc.date.issued2016-12
dc.description.abstractIntratympanic gentamicin therapy is widely used clinically to suppress the vestibular symptoms of Meniere's disease. Dosing in humans was empirically established and we still know remarkably little about where gentamicin enters the inner ear, where it reaches in the inner ear and what time course it follows after local applications. In this study, gentamicin was applied to the round window niche as a 20 muL bolus of 40 mg/ml solution. Ten 2 muL samples of perilymph were collected sequentially from the lateral semi-circular canal (LSCC) at times from 1 to 4 h after application. Gentamicin concentration was typically highest in samples originating from the vestibule and was lower in samples originating from scala tympani. To interpret these results, perilymph elimination kinetics for gentamicin was quantified by loading the entire perilymph space by injection at the LSCC with a 500 mug/ml gentamicin solution followed by sequential perilymph sampling from the LSCC after different delay times. This allowed concentration decline in perilymph to be followed with time. Gentamicin was retained well in scala vestibuli and the vestibule but declined rapidly at the base of scala tympani, dominated by interactions of perilymph with CSF, as reported for other substances. Quantitative analysis, taking into account perilymph kinetics for gentamicin, showed that more gentamicin entered at the round window membrane (57%) than at the stapes (35%) but the lower concentrations found in scala tympani were due to greater losses there. The gentamicin levels found in perilymph of the vestibule, which are higher than would be expected from round window entry alone, undoubtedly contribute to the vestibulotoxic effects of the drug. Furthermore, calculations of gentamicin distribution following targeted applications to the RW or stapes are more consistent with cochleotoxicity depending on the gentamicin concentration in scala vestibuli rather than that in scala tympani.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R01DC001368.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSalt, A. N., J. J. Hartsock, R. M. Gill, E. King, F. B. Kraus, and S. K. Plontke. 2016. Perilymph pharmacokinetics of locally-applied gentamicin in the guinea pig. Hearing Research. 342: 101-11.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1878-5891 (Electronic) 0378-5955 (Linking)
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.bionicsinstitute.org:8080/handle/123456789/273
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en_US
dc.subjectIntratympanicen_US
dc.subjectDrug deliveryen_US
dc.subjectCochleotoxicityen_US
dc.subjectRound windowen_US
dc.subjectStapesen_US
dc.subjectPermeabilityen_US
dc.subjectDistributionen_US
dc.subjectEliminationen_US
dc.titlePerilymph pharmacokinetics of locally-applied gentamicin in the guinea pigen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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