In Vivo Feasibility of Epiretinal Stimulation Using Ultrananocrystalline Diamond 1 Electrodes

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dc.contributor.authorShivdasani, Mohit
dc.contributor.authorEvans, Mihailo
dc.contributor.authorBurns, Owen
dc.contributor.authorYeoh, Jonathon
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Penelope
dc.contributor.authorNayagam, David
dc.contributor.authorVillalobos, Joel
dc.contributor.authorAbbott, Carla
dc.contributor.authorLuu, Chi
dc.contributor.authorOpie, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorSabu, Anu
dc.contributor.authorSaunders, Alexia
dc.contributor.authorMcPhedran, Michelle
dc.contributor.authorCardamone, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorMcGowan, Ceara
dc.contributor.authorMaxim, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Richard
dc.contributor.authorFox, Kate
dc.contributor.authorCicione, Rosemary
dc.contributor.authorGarrett, David
dc.contributor.authorAhnood, Arman
dc.contributor.authorGanesan, Kumaravelu
dc.contributor.authorMeffin, Hamish
dc.contributor.authorBurkitt, Anthony
dc.contributor.authorPrawer, Steven
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Chris
dc.contributor.authorShepherd, Robert
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-05T07:35:22Z
dc.date.available2020-08-05T07:35:22Z
dc.date.issued2020-07
dc.description.abstractPURPOSE: Due to their increased proximity to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), epiretinal visual prostheses present the opportunity for eliciting phosphenes with low thresholds through direct RGC activation. This study characterised the in vivo performance of a novel prototype monolithic epiretinal prosthesis, containing Nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline (N-UNCD) diamond electrodes. METHODS: A prototype implant containing up to twenty-five 120×120 µm N-UNCD electrodes was implanted into 16 anaesthetised cats and attached to the retina either using a single tack or via magnetic coupling with a suprachoroidally placed magnet. Multiunit responses to retinal stimulation using charge-balanced biphasic current pulses were recorded acutely in the visual cortex using a multichannel planar array. Several stimulus parameters were varied including; the stimulating electrode, stimulus polarity, phase duration, return configuration and the number of electrodes stimulated simultaneously. RESULTS: The rigid nature of the device and its form factor necessitated complex surgical procedures. Surgeries were considered successful in 10/16 animals and cortical responses to single electrode stimulation obtained in 8 animals. Clinical imaging and histological outcomes showed severe retinal trauma caused by the device in-situ in many instances. Cortical measures were found to significantly depend on the surgical outcomes of individual experiments, phase duration, return configuration and the number of electrodes stimulated simultaneously, but not stimulus polarity. Cortical thresholds were also found to increase over time within an experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The study successfully demonstrated that an epiretinal prosthesis containing diamond electrodes could produce cortical activity with high precision, albeit only in a small number of cases. Both surgical approaches were highly challenging in terms of reliable and consistent attachment to and stabilisation against the retina, and often resulted in severe retinal trauma. There are key challenges (device form factor and attachment technique) to be resolved for such a device to progress towards clinical application, as current surgical techniques are unable to address these issues.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding for this research was provided through 879 the Australian Research Council Special Research Initiative in Bionic Vision Science and 880 Technology awarded to Bionic Vision Australia (2010 – 2015). The Bionics Institute and the Centre for Eye Research Australia acknowledge the support they receive from the Victorian Government through its Operational Infrastructure Support Program.en_US
dc.identifier.citationShivdasani, M. N., M. Evans, O. Burns, J. Yeoh, P. J. Allen, D. Nayagam, J. Villalobos, C. J. Abbott, C. D. Luu, N. L. Opie, A. Sabu, A. L. Saunders, M. McPhedran, L. Cardamone, C. McGowan, V. Maxim, R. A. Williams, K. Fox, R. Cicione, D. J. Garrett, A. Ahnood, K. Ganesan, H. Meffin, A. N. Burkitt, S. Prawer, C. E. Williams, and R. K. Shepherd. 2020. In vivo feasibility of epiretinal stimulation using ultrananocrystalline diamond electrodes. Journal of Neural Engineering: [epub ahead of print].en_US
dc.identifier.issn1741-2552
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.bionicsinstitute.org:8080/handle/123456789/403
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIOP Publishingen_US
dc.subjectBionic eyeen_US
dc.subjectDiamonden_US
dc.subjectElectrical stimulationen_US
dc.subjectElectrophysiologyen_US
dc.subjectRetinal implanten_US
dc.subjectRetinitis pigmentosaen_US
dc.subjectVisual cortexen_US
dc.titleIn Vivo Feasibility of Epiretinal Stimulation Using Ultrananocrystalline Diamond 1 Electrodesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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