Ring and peg electrodes for minimally-Invasive and long-term sub-scalp EEG recordings

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dc.contributor.authorBenovitski, Yuri
dc.contributor.authorLai, Alan
dc.contributor.authorMcGowan, Ceara
dc.contributor.authorBurns, Owen
dc.contributor.authorMaxim, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorNayagam, David
dc.contributor.authorMillard, Rodney
dc.contributor.authorRathbone, Graeme
dc.contributor.authorle Chevoir, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, R.A.
dc.contributor.authorGrayden, David
dc.contributor.authorMay, C.N.
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, M.
dc.contributor.authorD'Souza, Wendyl
dc.contributor.authorCook, Mark
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Chris
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-12T06:06:19Z
dc.date.available2018-06-12T06:06:19Z
dc.date.issued2017-06
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: Minimally-invasive approaches are needed for long-term reliable Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to assist with epilepsy diagnosis, investigation and more naturalistic monitoring. This study compared three methods for long-term implantation of sub-scalp EEG electrodes. METHODS: Three types of electrodes (disk, ring, and peg) were fabricated from biocompatible materials and implanted under the scalp in five ambulatory ewes for 3months. Disk electrodes were inserted into sub-pericranial pockets. Ring electrodes were tunneled under the scalp. Peg electrodes were inserted into the skull, close to the dura. EEG was continuously monitored wirelessly. High resolution CT imaging, histopathology, and impedance measurements were used to assess the status of the electrodes at the end of the study. RESULTS: EEG amplitude was larger in the peg compared with the disk and ring electrodes (p<0.05). Similarly, chewing artifacts were lower in the peg electrodes (p<0.05). Electrode impedance increased after long-term implantation particularly for those within the bone (p<0.01). Micro-CT scans indicated that all electrodes stayed within the sub-scalp layers. All pegs remained within the burr holes as implanted with no evidence of extrusion. Eight of 10 disks partially eroded into the bone by 1.0mm from the surface of the skull. The ring arrays remained within the sub-scalp layers close to implantation site. Histology revealed that the electrodes were encapsulated in a thin fibrous tissue adjacent to the pericranium. Overlying this was a loose connective layer and scalp. Erosion into the bone occurred under the rim of the sub-pericranial disk electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the peg electrodes provided high quality EEG, mechanical stability, and lower chewing artifact. Whereas, ring electrode arrays tunneled under the scalp enable minimal surgical techniques to be used for implantation and removal.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge the support from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant (APP1075347). The Bionics Institute acknowledges the support it receives from the Victorian Government through its Operational Infrastructure Support Program.en_US
dc.identifier.citationBenovitski, Y. B., A. Lai, C. C. McGowan, O. Burns, V. Maxim, D. A. X. Nayagam, R. Millard, G. D. Rathbone, M. A. le Chevoir, R. A. Williams, D. B. Grayden, C. N. May, M. Murphy, W. J. D'Souza, M. J. Cook, and C. E. Williams. 2017. Ring and peg electrodes for minimally-Invasive and long-term sub-scalp EEG recordings. Epilepsy Research. 135: 29-37.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1872-6844 (Electronic) 0920-1211 (Linking)
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.bionicsinstitute.org:8080/handle/123456789/303
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier, Ltd.en_US
dc.subjectLong-term EEGen_US
dc.subjectEpilepsyen_US
dc.subjectSub-scalp electrodeen_US
dc.subjectMinimally-invasiveen_US
dc.subjectStableen_US
dc.subjectRemovableen_US
dc.titleRing and peg electrodes for minimally-Invasive and long-term sub-scalp EEG recordingsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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